Grammar tests, de facto policy and pedagogical coercion in England’s primary schools

de FACTo nucleosome dynamics.

The factors required for the delivery of RNA polymerase II to class II promoters using naked DNA were all identified by 1998, yet their exact mechanisms of action were not fully understood in all cases, and in some instances, their precise function still remains unknown. Nonetheless, a complete understanding of the complexity of the RNA polymerase II transcription cycle necessitated the develop...

On Estimating a De Facto Population and Its Components

Abstract. This paper deals with estimating a population that is largely defined by the fact that its size, composition, and distribution are not readily accessible from census data in the U.S. and the other countries that use the De Jure concept of population. The population in question is based on the De Facto concept, which involves the estimation of people where they are found rather than wh...

De Facto Political Power and Institutional Persistence

Much of the empirical work and the conceptual discussion of the impact of institutions on economic development either implicitly or explicitly assumes that institutions persist. Although Acemoglu et al. (2001) provide evidence that constraints on the executive persist, many aspects of institutions change frequently. Less-developed countries cycle between democracy and dictatorship and often cha...

Lfg as a Pedagogical Grammar

The paper describes a presentation format of grammatical information for language teaching. c-structures and f-structures are represented as graphical annotation to a text. It is advocated that LFG-like concepts are preferable to traditional grammar rules. After an anti-grammar movement in the 1980s we can recognize today a resurgence of interest in the role of grammar in language teaching (Hed...

Grammar schools and social mobility